This rapidly evolving field extends classical discrete calculus by introducing non-integer, or fractional, orders of difference operators. Such an approach is particularly well suited to modelling ...

The difference amplifier is a common and useful circuit employed in various applications ranging from factory automation to electric vehicle systems. That’s primarily because it’s helpful to add ...

Researchers demonstrate a novel method for transforming continuous time crystals into discrete ones using subharmonic injection locking, offering new insights into symmetry breaking and control in ...

The transfer function of this amplifier is: With R1 = R3 and R2 = R4, Equation 1 simplifies to This simplification can be a quick way to approximate the expected signal, but those resistors are never ...