Chemical graph theory provides a rigorous framework for representing molecular structures as graphs, where vertices denote atoms and edges represent bonds. This mathematical abstraction facilitates ...

Abstract. Let X, Y be topological spaces and {Fn : n ∈ ω} be a sequence of set-valued maps from X to Y with the pointwise topological limit G and with the topological graph limit F. We give an answer ...

Unmanned Swarm Systems, defined by their distributed coordination among multiple unmanned units, have emerged as a transformative force across diverse high-stakes fields. In disaster rescue, USS can ...

We adapt the study of hyperspaces and function spaces from classical topology to digital topology. We define digital hyperspaces and digital function graphs, and study some of their relationships and ...